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- <text id=94TT1814>
- <title>
- Dec. 26, 1994: Bosnia:Bad Blood and Broken Promises
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1994
- Dec. 26, 1994 Man of the Year:Pope John Paul II
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- BOSNIA, Page 121
- Bad Blood and Broken Promises
- </hdr>
- <body>
- <p> As Bosnian Serbs continue harassing U.N. peacekeepers, Jimmy
- Carter jumps into the fray
- </p>
- <p>By Kevin Fedarko--Reported by Bonnie Angelo/New York, J.F.O. McAllister/Washington
- and Alexandra Stiglmayer/Zagreb
- </p>
- <p> When Serbs fired two anti-tank missiles at a United Nations
- convoy near the Bosnian town of Velika Kladusa last Monday,
- Ismail Hassain had just closed the hatch on his armored personnel
- carrier. The blast inflicted such massive injuries to his head
- that the Bangladeshi peacekeeper immediately lapsed into a deep
- coma. Serb forces refused permission for Hassain and four of
- his wounded U.N. comrades to be evacuated by helicopter, so
- the soldiers were forced to endure an eight-hour road trip to
- an American medical hospital in Zagreb. Hassain, who never awoke
- from his coma, died the next morning.
- </p>
- <p> Minutes after the attack, the commander of the Bangladeshi battalion
- in Bihac requested an air strike by NATO planes under the standard
- rules of engagement. Despite the fact that the U.N. Security
- Council would shortly condemn the assault as "a heinous act
- of violence," U.N. commanders in Sarajevo refused to pass the
- request on to NATO. As the Serbs continued to harass U.N. forces,
- holding peacekeepers hostage and closing down the Sarajevo airport,
- U.N. commanders did nothing. "The U.N. is never going to fight
- back," remarked one American official, in an attempt to explain
- the commanders' conviction that air strikes only encourage the
- Serbs to intensify attacks on their vulnerable troops. "They
- are intimidated."
- </p>
- <p> That passive response illustrates the extent to which the U.N.
- has ceded to the Bosnian Serbs control over the largest peacekeeping
- mission in the post-cold war world. Their unchallenged aggression
- in recent weeks has brought the U.N. humanitarian mission in
- Bihac virtually to a standstill. Through their complex chain
- of backtracked commitments and broken promises, the Serbs have
- proved themselves masters at the game of playing one side against
- another. Late last week, they took the game to a new level by
- introducing the prospect of having Jimmy Carter engage in another
- round of freewheeling diplomacy.
- </p>
- <p> Perhaps the most formidable weapon in the arsenal of the Bosnian
- Serbs is their singleness of purpose compared to the contradictions
- dividing the Western allies. Those fault lines were evident
- again last week. Only a few days after France threatened to
- withdraw its 4,500 peacekeepers from Bosnia, French Defense
- Minister Francois Leotard argued for a more aggressive stance
- against the Bosnian Serbs. Military chiefs will gather in the
- Hague this week to devise ways to strengthen the U.N. presence--even as their subordinates continue to draft plans for an
- evacuation.
- </p>
- <p> The French about-face, which was welcomed by the U.S. but received
- only a cool stare from British Defense Minister Malcolm Rifkind,
- reflects the schizophrenia at the core of the West's response
- to the Balkan war. Unable to choose between mounting a more
- muscular response and calling off the whole show, the allies'
- simultaneous pursuit of both alternatives leaves them hamstrung.
- On one hand they fear that a more assertive approach in Bosnia
- is likely to entangle them more deeply in the war. Yet admitting
- defeat and pulling out would not only humiliate NATO but also
- allow the conflict to widen.
- </p>
- <p> While the allies are left feeling whipsawed, the Serbs are only
- too delighted to exploit the confusion. This they have achieved
- by doing everything to handicap the peacekeepers short of actually
- driving them out. On Dec. 11, Serbs announced a ban on U.N.
- military escorts of humanitarian convoys, thereby making it
- almost impossible to supply aid to Sarajevo and eastern Bosnia.
- They continued to block the Sarajevo airport and prevent deliveries
- of fuel to the U.N. mission. "The calculated attacks have never
- been as bad as now," said U.N. spokesman Paul Risley, "and our
- ability to carry out our peacekeeping mission has never been
- as crippled."
- </p>
- <p> Into the middle of this confusion waded the master practitioner
- of nice-guy diplomacy, Jimmy Carter. After representatives of
- Radovan Karadzic, leader of the Bosnian Serbs, sent emissaries
- to the former President last Wednesday, Carter called Clinton
- to let him know that he was considering stepping in as a private
- citizen. On Saturday, Carter was on a commercial flight to Frankfurt,
- where a U.S. military plane would take him to Zagreb.
- </p>
- <p> While leery of Karadzic, the White House believes Carter may
- be useful. Still, there were misgivings that stemmed not only
- from Carter's reputation for loose-cannon diplomacy and coddling
- dictators but also from a fear that his good offices would grant
- the Bosnian Serbs a legitimacy that is so far the only prize
- the international community has been able to deny them. Administration
- officials briefed the former President on Bosnia. "He will see
- all the players rather than be Karadzic's front man," said a
- senior U.S. official. "Carter sees his role as helping Karadzic
- out of the corner he's painted himself into. He's quite aware
- that Karadzic is trying to use him for his own ends. He's quite
- realistic about this but wants to what he can."
- </p>
- <p> Carter made his journey contingent on Karadzic's fulfilling
- six self-imposed "concessions" to peace. In fact they were nothing
- of the kind. The Bosnian Serb leader promised to honor the Sarajevo
- cease-fire--an area where there is not much fighting--and
- release Muslim prisoners under the age of 19--of whom there
- are almost none. He also promised to release U.N. hostages,
- permit free movement of U.N. convoys and reopen Sarajevo airport
- (two U.N. planes landed on Saturday); in other words, undoing
- actions already deemed illegal by U.N. resolutions. Finally,
- he pledged to "guarantee human rights," a declaration of Orwellian
- hypocrisy from a man instrumental in the slaughter of tens of
- thousands of Bosnians.
- </p>
- <p> On Wednesday evening, Karadzic declared that his points would
- go into effect within 24 hours. By Saturday, four civilians
- had been killed by Bosnian Serb snipers in Sarajevo, two American
- aid workers had been taken hostage by Bosnian Serbs outside
- Sarajevo, and a helicopter flying to pick up U.N. Commander
- Lieut. General Michael Rose was struck by Serb gunfire. Said
- U.N. spokesman Risley: "There is absolutely no change."
- </p>
- </body>
- </article>
- </text>
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